City Walls
Archaeological excavations of the city walls reveal that Old Smyrna became an increasingly significant city, particularly from the 10th century BCE onward. This period was marked by intense migrations from the Greek mainland to Western Anatolia and rapidly changing regional dynamics. Findings from the excavations, including imported ceramics, indicate that Old Smyrna had become a major port city and trade center in the region by the 9th century BCE. This development also prompted the construction of city defenses to counter potential threats from rival cities. Excavations show that the first defensive walls of the city were built around 850 BCE. These walls were reconstructed during different periods and gained monumental characteristics with construction activities in the second half of the 7th century BCE. The structures visible today at the archaeological site mainly belong to this period.
The Ancient Fountain
One of the best-preserved ancient fountains in the world, the Ancient Fountain of Old Smyrna, is estimated to have been built in the late 7th century BCE. With an innovative architectural design for its time, the fountain’s source is still active today, allowing visitors to experience the same connection to water as the people of the ancient era.
Athena Street
Athena Street, identified through ongoing excavations, was the main street of the city extending from east to west and was used between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. Beginning at the eastern gate, it passed in front of the Temple of Athena and led to the western gate of the city. Numerous streets intersected the main road at almost right angles.