In 1937, Akos von Szalay and Erich Boehringer conducted detailed studies on Hellenistic-period arsenals in Pergamon. These studies were carried out in an area located just below the summit of the upper city, known as the “Queen’s Garden” (Garten der Königin) or “Royal Fortress” (Königsburg). Five long, narrow, and rectangular arsenals were identified within this area, arranged in parallel and surrounded by fortress walls. Playing a significant role in Pergamon’s defensive infrastructure, these arsenals are known as military structures used for storing weapons, ammunition, and other supplies.
The dating of the arsenals is based on their relationship with the fortress walls, the analysis of pottery fragments, roof tiles, and other archaeological findings, as well as a general assessment of the history of Pergamon. The proximity of Arsenals I and II and the fact that the eastern fortress wall was built during the reign of Philetairos indicate that these two structures belong to the same period. In this context, Arsenals I and II are dated between 283–261 BCE. Arsenals III, IV, and V are believed to have been built later. Although their exact dates remain uncertain, the discovery of royal-stamped roof tiles in this area suggests that these three structures belong to the Hellenistic period of the Pergamon Kingdom.
According to evaluations of the functions of these arsenals, the larger structure is thought to have been used for storing grain for the garrison stationed in the adjacent barracks, while the other buildings were likely used to store various food supplies and small military equipment.
Archaeological excavations conducted in the region and the findings obtained from these excavations provide valuable insights into the functions and historical significance of the arsenals, adding a new dimension to the rich history of Pergamon. These findings are particularly important for understanding the military architecture and defense strategies of the Pergamon Kingdom.