Constructed during the reign of Emperor Justinian, the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, was initially dedicated to the mother goddess Cybele and later rededicated to Artemis. It was discovered in 1869 by the English railway engineer J.T. Wood. Following the transportation of the discovered pieces to the British Museum, the British archaeologist D.G. Hogarth conducted archaeological excavations in 1904, and from 1965 onwards, the Austrian Archaeological Institute continued the excavation work. Starting from the 8th century BC, the Ephesian Cult of Artemis has three construction phases in the Archaic period. It is known that in the third phase, a wooden statue of Artemis, of which marble copies were made during the Roman Period, was present in the cella of the temple measuring 125×60 meters. A relief-decorated column base used in the fourth phase, completed in 530 BC, was a gift from the Lydian King Croesus. In the 5th phase, after the temple was burned down in 356 BC, a Hellenistic temple with relief-decorated columns covering an area of 6000 square meters was constructed. This temple was also destroyed in the Gothic raids of AD 263, and the site was later used as a quarry. (TC İzmir Governorship Provincial Directorate of Culture, 2001, p.45). The sacred way, covered from the Magnesia gate, leads to the temple. (Akurgal, et al. 1971, p.9)